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Excavator

Category:

mechanical equipment

Keywords: engineering construction

An excavating machine, also known as excavating machinery, is an earthmoving machine that uses a bucket to dig materials above or below the load-bearing surface and load them into transport vehicles or unload them to the stockpile. The materials excavated by the excavator are mainly soil, coal, sediment, and pre-loosened soil and rock. From the perspective of the development of construction machinery in recent years, the development of excavators is relatively fast, and excavators have become one of the most important construction machinery in engineering construction. The three most important parameters of an excavator: operating weight (mass), engine power and bucket capacity.

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An excavating machine, also known as excavating machinery, is an earthmoving machine that uses a bucket to dig materials above or below the load-bearing surface and load them into transport vehicles or unload them to the stockpile. The materials excavated by the excavator are mainly soil, coal, sediment, and pre-loosened soil and rock. From the perspective of the development of construction machinery in recent years, the development of excavators is relatively fast, and excavators have become one of the most important construction machinery in engineering construction. The three most important parameters of an excavator: operating weight (mass), engine power and bucket capacity.

Relevant parameters

Operating weight

Operating weight is one of the three important parameters of an excavator (engine power, bucket capacity, operating weight).

The operating weight determines the level of the excavator and determines the upper limit of the excavator's digging force.

Digging force≦m; Working weight

m: The coefficient of adhesion between the ground and the tracks

If the digging force exceeds this limit, in the case of a backhoe, the excavator will slip and be pulled forward, which is very dangerous. In the case of a positive shovel, the excavator will slip backwards.

Digging force

For digging force, digging force is mainly divided into small arm digging force and bucket digging force.

The action point of the two digging forces is the tooth root of the bucket (the lip of the bucket), but the power is different, and the forearm digging force comes from the small-arm cylinder; And the bucket digging force comes from the bucket cylinder.

Specific pressure to ground

The size of the specific pressure to the ground determines the ground conditions under which the excavator is suitable for work.

Ground pressure refers to the pressure generated by the weight of the machine on the ground, expressed by the following formula:

Specific pressure to ground = working weight÷ area of total contact with the ground

Track shoes

It is important to equip the machine with the right track shoes. For tracked excavators, the criteria for selecting tracks are: whenever possible, use the narrowest track shoe possible.

Common track types: toothed track shoes,

Walking speed

For crawler excavators, the travel time accounts for about one-tenth of the total working time.

Generally speaking, two speeds can meet the walking performance of excavators.

Traction

Traction refers to the force generated when the excavator travels, mainly depending on the travel motor of the excavator.

These two walking performance parameters indicate the maneuvering flexibility of the excavator and its walking ability. It can be reflected in the samples of various manufacturers.

Climbing ability

Climbing ability refers to the ability to climb, descend, or stop on a solid, flat slope.

Two representations: angle, percentage

Elevate capabilities

Lifting capacity refers to the lesser of the rated stable lifting capacity or rated hydraulic lifting capacity.

Rated stable lifting capacity: 75% of tipping load

Rated hydraulic lifting capacity: 87% hydraulic lifting capacity

Swing speed

The swing speed refers to the average maximum speed that can be achieved by the stable rotation of the excavator when it is unloaded.

This means that the defined swing speed, which refers neither to the slewing speed when starting nor to braking; That is, the swing speed that is not acceleration or deceleration. For general excavation work, when this excavator works in the range of 0° to 180°, the rotary motor accelerates or decelerates, and when it turns to the range of 270° to 360°, the swing speed reaches stability.

Therefore, in actual excavation work, the swing speed defined above is impractical. That is, the actual swing performance required is acceleration/deceleration expressed in terms of swing torque.

Engine power

Gross horsepower refers to the output power measured on the engine flywheel without consuming power accessories such as silencers, fans, alternators and air filters.

Net horsepower refers to the output power measured on the engine flywheel with all power-consuming accessories such as silencers, fans, alternators and air filters.

Determination of noise

The main source of excavator noise is the engine.

Two types of noise: noise measurement in the operator's ear and noise measurement around the machine

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